Honors Biology Midterm Exam Answer Packet

NameBlock Honors biota Mid Term Review Characteristics of Life What is the rest between stimulation and response? Stimulus ca lend oneselfs you to react/respond, ex whateverthing that irritates your look Give an s crystaliseon of each Response reaction to/response to a stimulus, ex optics closing/blinking/squinting/tearing as a upshot of the irritant Multi jail cellular phoneular organisms have order to their parts.InSmallest part to largest level of grantup increasing order of complexity the parts argon booth, tissues, organ, organ systems unionized in Autotrophs (producers) essential be exposed to what Sunglight no sunlight way of life no photosynthesis abiotic factor in order to survive? Different species which have closely unneurotic and mutualism help each other pop exhibit a symbiotic lifestyle known as__________ An example of both species that exhibit the lifestyle C slumpn fish and anem hotshot described in the previous interrogative se ntence atomic trope 18 Bees and f paltryers What sign of procreation involves only social unitary pargonnt? Asexual reproduction Give three examples of the sheath of reproduction Binary fission described in the previous question. budding induce one part of a coiffe and letting it grow into a whole new plant The ability to maintain constant best internal homeostasis conditions necessary for life is the ability to maintain _____ Ecology/ environs What combinations of birth and death regulates upshot in Increased take in rate and moderated DEATH rate greatest growth rate of populations? By what attend/organisms is carbon re behaved from the Plants/trees/autotrophs remove carbon dioxide from the credit line/atmosphere by photosynthesis atmosphere/air? What does a graph that shows changes in the size of pic predator/prey populations look like? wherefore? What is the difference between predation and Predation one species hunts/eats another tilt? Com petition two diametric species want/need the same (third/different) species/ alternative The greenho expenditure effe ct is amplified due to the buildup nose candy dioxide and methane of what gases? After a disaster, what process returns the Ecological succession environment to its original condition? What type of confederation shows great species diversity? A climax community Organisms that ar the jump to show up in barren Pioneer species environments argon called ______________ species. Organisms that make their own pabulum are called (bio Autotrophs ( main(a) producers) vocabulary Plant eaters are called ___________ Herbivores (heterotrophs), primary consumers Organisms that eat plant eaters are called Carnivores (secondary or tertiary consumers) ________________ A decrease in a predator population will cause an predate (source of nutriment for the predator) increase in the ____________ population. Foods containing proteins are broken down during eith er level ABOVE the level in which the food source is show digestion. The atoms from those proteins will be set at what levels in the food orbit? Examples of biotic factors in an ecosystem Types of plants and animals Examples of abiotic factors in an ecosystem Rainfall, sum total of sunlight, temperature In a food string/ meshwork, the amount of energy available Decreases (only 10% of the energy at one level is available to the next level UP the food chain/web) to each level (increases or decreases) as you move UP the food chain/trophic levels? New species ordure be wounding when introduced to a new Competition fights with another creature for limited imaging environment for two reasons it has no predator so grows out of manoeuvre What is the scientific definition of population? Members of the same SPECIES upkeep in an body politic Give an example of a population All of the red robins in Piscataway OR all of the gray squirrels in New Jersey What happens t o the amount of a poison/toxin within aThe amount of toxin/poison INCREASES as you go up a food chain/food web food web/food chain? What is the holler of the phenomenon described in the Biological magnification previous question? Why are invasive species oft destructive to an They have no natural predators and their numbers can grow out of control, crowding out the creatures that ecosystem? live in that respect as well Nitrogen gas is removed from the atmosphere to make bacteria (nitrogen fixing bacteria) remove nitrogen from the atmosphere so that it can be used other it available to other victuals organisms by what type organisms of organism? What process notoriously adds lots of carbon dioxide Use of / intense of fossil fuels (gasoline, coal) to the atmosphere? What conditions must exist for two species to be in They must be in direct competition for some resource, food, puzzle to live, etc competition with each other? Scientific Method/Data depth psycholo gy Be able to read a data table Be able to interpret a graph When designing an experiment one test group has NO Control variables changed this is called the __________ group. All other groups are called the ____________ experimental groups. In an experiment the factor that is changed is called the _______________ variable and the factor freelance that is measured /the result is the ________________ variable. Dependent In a data table, usually the values of the Independent __________________ are in the left most newspaper column and the values of the _________________ variable are in Dependent the columns to the duty. Scientific theories are developed and confirmed by Many scientists working together (one scientist or many scientists working together) Chemistry of Life Elements in all living organisms Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur Which type of entire polymer is found in the nucleusNucleic acids / desoxyribonucleic acid / doub le helix of cells and is shaped like a double helix? Which type of organic deepen helps to speed Proteins/enzymes if they are denatured, the rate of the reaction will slow down/decrease chemic reactions? What is the special name for those organic grains enzymes that speed up chemical reactions? Organic polymers are make by reactions in which Dehydration synthesis urine is removed called _______________________ reactions. Which type of organic compound store LARGE amounts ofLipids (fats) energy for later use by the organism? The core of all organic compounds is what element? Carbon Examples of INORGANIC cmpnds Water (H2O), salt (NaCl) What pH(s) are considered acidic? Acidic is less(prenominal) than 7 Basic/alkaline? Basic/Alkaline is greater than 7 (up to 14) Neutral? Neutral is EXACTLY 7 Compounds whose name ends in ose are typically whatCarbohydrates (such as glucose) type of organic compound? Which type of rganic compound is most affected by Protei ns (enzymes) temperature? What elements found in carbs? C, H, O What is the chemical gradula of the building block ofC6H12O6 all carbs? What is the general NAME of the building block of monosaccharide carbohydrates? Triglycerides are a type of fat/ lipoid that is built Glycerol and three fatty acids when ____________ are joined together? The lower the pH the (weaker or stronger) the (acid The lower the pH the stronger the acid or base). Pick which words in parenthesis best completes the statements. Why must living organisms have enzymes? Reactions would be too slow to meet the postulate of life Glucose is an example of what type of organic Carbohydrate, monosaccharide compound (2 square up answers) What is the building block of proteins? Amino acids What makes one protein different from another The number of amino acids, the types of amino acids, and the order of the amino acids protein? Why characteristic of water makes it a bizarre It is a polar mol ecule compound? straight or False Living organisms contain only organic ridiculous compounds. Why did you pick the answer you chose for the Water makes up most of cells/living organisms and water is inorganic previous question? In a chemical par, oft the name of a pithAn enzyme is written OVER the pointer in the equation.Read also Lab 2 BiologyThat substance is often a(n) ___________ Referring to the previous question, why isnt that Because it isnt used up or changed as a result of the reaction substance written to the right or the left of the arrow in the equation? What molecule often abbreviated with 3 letters isATP considered the energy molecule for cells? The precise substances that bind to enzymes are substrates called _____________ Looking at a chemical equation/reaction, an enzyme The reactants (substances to the LEFT of the arrow in the equation) that catalyzes the reaction works on ( the products / the reactants) Protein mental synthesi s is often called globular because Folded and twisted into a three dimensional molecule the chain of amino acids is not straight but instead is ___________________ Waxes are what type of organic compound? lipids What substance tests for the presence of starch and marrow used to test for starch IODINE what is the positive test result? supportive test result BLUE/BLACK color What substance is used to test for simple sugars Substance used to test for starch BENEDICTs SOLUTION (glucose)? What is the positive test result? Positive test result ORANGE RED The enzyme that breaks down lipids Lipase A hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end oily acid is a ________________ The molecule described in the previous question may lipid be found in what type of organic compound? Two molecules with the same chemical formula but isomers different structural formulas are called______ Cell Structure What two expressions found in plant cells not found Plant cells h ave a cell wall and chloroplasts, animal cells do not in animal cells? What are the three parts of the cell theory? Cells are the basic unit of structure AND function All life is made of cells All cells let from other cells Why is the job of the cell membrane? Allows only some materials in/out others are blocked Where can ribosomes be found within a cell? Free floating in cytoplasm OR attached to the endoplasmic reticulum What is the function of ribosomes? Protein synthesis (makes/builds proteins) Prokaryotic cells miss what structure(s)? Nuclear membrane (membrane bound nucleus), cell organelles surrounded by membranes (NOTE these structures missing from procaryotic cells ARE found in eucaryotic cells) Where is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell found? Floating in the cytoplasm What organelle stores energy from the sun in the chloroplast bonds of organic compounds? Which organelle releases the energy in the bonds of mitochondria organic compounds by storing i n a more usable form? The purpose of the water vacuole in plant cells is To provide a unbending structure, gives plants support Double membrane organelles in which the inner chloroplasts membrane is super folded include mitochondria What cell structures work together to make and Ribosomes, ER, and golgi apparatus stock proteins out of the cell? In what cellular structure in eukaryotic cells might nucleus you find DNA? The animal cell structure that contains digestive lysosome enzymes is called the ________________ Microscopes How can you brighten the field of view when using aOpen/adjust the diaphragm compound light microscope? How do you place the total magnification when Magnification of the eyepiece (ocular) clock (multiplied by) the magnification of the documental lens using a compound light microscope? When you change from low to mid forcefulness on a compound The image gets bigger. If low superpower is 40X and mid power is 100X, then under mid pow er the image will be 2. 5 light microscope, what happens to the image? (be times bigger than it was under low power specific) When you change from mid to elevated power on a If mid power is 100X and juicy power is 400 X, the image is 4 times bigger under high power than under mid microscope, what happens to the image? be specific) power Cell Transport What process restores turgor pressure/turgidity in OSMOSIS of WATER rear end INTO the cells of the wilted plants wilted plants? With respect to concentration gradients, what is the Passive Transport substances move DOWN the concentration gradient difference between passive and progressive transport? Active Transport substances move UP/AGAINST the gradient Cytolysis/cell bursting may be the result of placing Hypotonic (pure distilled water) cells animal cells into what type of resolution? Why does this happen? Osmosis water moves from where there is more water (outside of the cell) to where there is less water (inside of the cell) Plasmolysis/cell shriveling happens when cells are Hypertonic solutions (more dissolved solute/higher(prenominal) concentration of solute, less water/solvent) placed into what type of solution? Why does this happen? Water moves by osmosis from where there is more (inside of the cell) to where there is less (outside of the cell) What is the MAIN difference between active and Active transport uses/ require energy (ATP) passive transport? Passive transport doesnt use/need energy from the cell Paramecia have a unique structure called the Contractile vacuole ___________ which maintains homeostasis relative to osmotic pressure. Putting human cells into a hypotonic solution would Cells to burst cause the cells to _____________. If a solute cannot pass done a membrane to reach Solvent (water) equilibrium, the ____________ will move in whatever direction is necessary to create an equal concentration of solutes on both sides of the membrane. Photo synthesis What are two other names for the light freelancer Calvin Cycle, Carbon Fixation reactions of photosynthesis? Specifically where do those reactions occur within Stroma of the chloroplast plant cells? What product of photosynthesis is easily observable Oxygen gas with the naked eye? Referring to the previous question, what part of The light dependent reactions photosynthesis makes that product? As a result of photosynthesis, energy from the sun isChemical bonds of glucose transferred to/stored in ____________ Colors that we beguile represent wavelengths of light reflected that are (absorbed / reflected) by the object. The two products of the light reactions that are ATP and NADPH needed in the dark reactions are In the light reactions, prior to chemiosmosis, Stroma into the thylakoid hydrogen ions are pumped from the _____ to the _____ Some plants use leap pathways during The light independent reactions, Calvin cycle, carbon fixation photosynthesi s. What part of photosynthesis involves these alternate pathways? As electrons pass down the ETC in Photosystem II, thePhotosystem I final electron acceptor is a molecule in ___ General Biology Ii Study read (Online Class)