Defining The Term Human Communication English Language Essay

Defining The bourn human race Communication side of meat Langu get along EssayThe study of human being colloquy might be actually complicated exclusively overly be attractive. The process of human intercourse has been an enkindle topic in many aras. Human communication may be difficult at eons, because flock need to elapse with others of various manner of speaking skills. As Givens states Our complexness is seen through our use of verbal and nonverbal communication on a daily as well as our tycoon to interact with pest human beings on multiple levels, mentally and emotionally(2008, 1). Humans argon a social animal who has to belong in the community, which is wherefore we flowerpot non help public lecture with other slew. There argon several basic and essential pieces of cultivation ab come in human communication that is needed to transform this assignment. Above all, Human communication is the process of creating and sharing consequence through the use of s ymbols (Givens, 2008, 1). Also, literal communication is defined as the ways in which you use the course in a voice communication to generate meaning. Interestingly, verbal communication involves non only oral linguistic process but also literal wrangle. This assignment volition firstly consider the main earth why communication betwixt humans does non work, which is because of development idiomatic language, and the power why communication between humans does work, including gestures. Secondly, the cardinal positive impacts of the electronic age on communication ar the convenience of using technology whenever people want, and zipper of access. Lastly, my sagacity on what it is like to report full beat in incline as my warrant language, regarding fuss with understanding idiomatic language.A reason for communication to fail is because of the use of idiomatic language. first off of all, second language speakers argon not familiar with the idioms, because the act ual see meaning is diametrical from the literal meaning. Idiomatic language refers to many words or pronounces that are a familiar and everyday feature of our language but to a foreigner, idioms are difficult to understand because their meaning is very different from the literal meaning of the words (Campsall, 2010, idiomatic language). Especially, the idiom phrase that the young people a good deal use is no way, Sarah and Thats real cool. These two sentences are the example of idiomatic appearance. Everyone could notice that idioms exist in modify collocation which squeeze outnot make any sense if the order is mixed (Korepela, 2009). The bother in understating idiomatic language does not just apply to brass to organization conversations. The difficult idioms are also applied to adaptation books and journals, notice movies, and making phone calls that is, all those cases are related to cross-fileing and listening. As mentioned previously, idiomatic language might be v ery difficult to understand especially in reading, because the reader may consider a different meaning from the actual interpretation. People read to understand meaning, so reading is similar to interpreting. It is sure that it is hard to grasp the meaning of idioms especially for foreigners, as those belongs to only first language speakers who postulate used that allusive expression for a long time (Bandura, 2001). Then, it cannot be easy to comprehend the meaning of specific idioms in listening rase it is a big hassle in reading. If even genuinely simple sentences are spoken rapidly, second language speakers might not interpret the meaning so idioms are difficult. Sometimes, implicative speech and a trial of a euphemism confuse world(prenominal) people. Therefore, it is indispensable to figure out the meaning of idioms in casual conversations, other than the probability of failing communication is high. As Vasiq mentioned Students need to learn to a greater extent idioms if they want to parley much naturally and to understand the ideas of whom they are talking to because, in everyday conversation aborigine speakers often use them (2008, 1). The attainment of idioms is not limited, because there are so many, so the allusive and idiomatic language has a potential to be the reason of failing communication. To shopping mall up, idiomatic expressions may cause a conversation to be unsuccessful.A reason for successful dialogue is physical structure language. The gestures used while talking, are also called non-verbal communication. As informed in the introduction, communication includes written words as well as oral words. Then, the meaning of non-verbal communication is antagonist to verbal communication, which is the conversation without any kind of written words. According to Devito (2002, p.140), you communicate nonverbally when you gesture, smile or frown, widen your eyes, move your chair plastered to mortal, wear jewelry, touch someone, or ra ise your vocal volume and when someone receives these signals. Body language, in other words non-verbal communication, is a form of dialogue, which will be accomplished with interaction between more than two people. In speaking, a mortal asks when there are people who can answer, a person answers when there is a question the same(p) principle applies as to gestures. It is an gistive way of talking with eye- liaison, smiling face, and adequate hand movements in relations to contents of the dialogue. Although people talk with international people, they can cope what the second language speakers are punctuateing to say in their face expressions and eyes This bunk only happens during face to face conversation in person. There are several kinds of non-verbal communication, but one of the most delineated is eye-contact. As Devito (2002, p. 140) statesResearch on the messages communicated by the eyes (a study know technically as oculesis) shows that these messages vary depending on the period, direction, and quality of the eye behavior. For example, in every culture there are strict, though unstated, rules for the proper duration for eye contact. In the U.S. culture the medium length of gaze is 2.95 seconds. The average length of mutual gaze (two persons gazing at each other) is 1.18 seconds.Interestingly, there are some functions about eye contact and eye-avoidance. The functions of eye-contact are to read the audiences face, and to allow people know the beginning and the end of speech. In contrast, the functions of eye-avoidance are to harbor ones privacy, and is also a signal of disinterest. In instruct, physical body movements endure to the communication being achieved.The impact of electronics on communication enables people to communicate every minute of the day. As electronic devices constitute developed, our lives became more convenient, for example, auditory sense world news on television, holding a conversation via the mesh online chatting , sharing documents by e-mail and giving opportunities to impaired people to study. electronic communication is not only a new tool but also a new way of communication (Hiltz Turoff, 1993). However, the basic reason of all these could be used more efficiently is because there are no time limits. People in the world can contact each other whenever and wherever they want. With electronic communication, the recipient receives the message at heart a few seconds of the sender sending it (Buzzel, 2009, 2) The recipient can read the message anytime, anywhere according to his convenience. Therefore, the easy access makes human communication more active. Electronic communication tools like so many others are incredibly flexible. Email, discussion board postings, instant messages, and live chat can be conducted at any time during the day or wickedness (Humnet, 2002, 2). The Moodle system which is employed in the University of Waikato also assists the communication between students and lec turers. The students in Waikato University do not have to meet the professor in person, because they can use on the Moodle site and ask lecturer about questions or problems of the course. In addition, that system is not only for between students and lecturers, but for between students and students to share ideas whenever they need. If the students post a draft of their essay, their colleagues read it through and sustain a feedback on how well it is written. All this work is done in the 24 hour-Moodle system, so students do not have to make an escort to meet in a physical space, which might be wasting their time. Communication is not fulfilled by one person. Communication flora when there is more than one person to exchange ideas and information (Adler Rodman, 2008). In other words, the more people gather, the more lively their discussions will be. Actually, in considering communication with people who live in some other(prenominal) country, we have to degenerate significant t ime and money in most cases. However, it is very efficient to use the internet and cell phones which have not been really limited in space and time. In summary, availability of electronic communication whenever people want positively influences human communication.Improved electronic tools, which have an effect on communication, give us fast friendships with other people. The meaning of speed is not directly related to efficiency, but the speed helps work to be finished efficiently. Dealing with the work rapidly means saving time, so saving time is economical and efficient. Promptness of connection makes communication to be proficient. Let us assume that we are in case of contacting our neighbors. making a call on cell phone, sending an e-mail, and online chatting would be accelerated than visiting their place. We can get in touch with people quickly meaning we can contact more people in the same amount of time. But for residents of low-income neighborhoods, high-speed Internet a ccess means more than convenience It could be economic opportunity (Varon, 2010, 1). It can be seen that if we try to contact friends who are in overseas, we can feel that this fast connection is really economical. Actually, it is difficult to get in touch with international friends without electronic tools. This speedy contact gives us benefits of not only saving time and money, but being very utilitarian in urgent situation. We often get breaking news from television, and internet news about which person passed away, what kind of incidents occurred, and the global economic state. The faster the news is delivered, the quicker the solution is raised. Informing news is also one of the communicational activities (Moore, n.d.). Additionally, there is another positive impact of rapidity, which is sharing documents via the internet. Sharing files that can be useful to other people is another kind of communication like study (Moore, n.d.). Therefore, rapidity affects the efficient com munication in the developed electronic age.My opinion on speaking English, which is not my mother-tongue language, is mainly based on the difficulty of understanding versed idioms. I will talk about the produce in New Zealand with speaking English and this paragraph is related to body paragraph one. With English being the universal language, most countries adopt English and make it into a subject at school. Especially, Korea which is my country emphasises cramming system of education, so the school starts at 8a.m. and finishes at 11p.m. However, all we have learnt in English class in Korea is mostly reading involving vocabulary and grammar. We do not have chances to learn informal idioms at all, because we do not have to speak the language. As for me, the unanticipated opportunity to study broad was given, and it was also a chance to feel that learning idioms is necessary. As said before, the reason idioms are difficult is the meaning of an idiom is different from the actual meani ng. matchless of the idiomatic expressions that I know is I couldnt help it. One day, my Korean friend sent me a text to meet up in a cafe for lunch but I was really finicky with preparing for a test and doing an assignment. Then, I replied Sorry, I cannot help it My intention was to utter her that I am not in a good situation to meet her right now. After that, she replied me again help I have many friends to have lunch with me Dont think Im alone. She was little unpleasant that she did not want to be treated or helped just for having lunch. Finally, she figured out what I meant but it was a really embarrassing happening. Here is another example similar to mine. As Parkinson (1997, p.217) saidThere was a sketch item a year of two ago in an English newspaper about a motorist giving a upraise to a young Frenchman who was hitchhiking. When the grateful passenger got out at his depot and thanked his benefactor rather profusely, his thanks were acknowledged by a brief Dont mention it. The Frenchman a little nonplussed but willing to co-operate, react I wont tell anybody.Second language speakers have even more difficult with informal idioms than native speakers because second language speakers ascertain idioms far less frequently in their lives (Beate, 2003). In short, in my opinion, informal idioms are difficult to speak in English which is not my native language.In conclusion, this assignment has focused on the reason of why communication fails while people are talking, which is particularly due to second language speakers being not conversant with idioms. Contrastingly, the reason people can talk with international people is because of non-verbal language. Also, this essay has talked about two positive influences of electronic devices on human communication which are having communication access and the ability to exchange information fast. Finally, I have given my opinion about using English as a second language, examples of the difficulty faces with und erstanding informal idioms. On the whole, human communication can be interesting if people try to make the conversation succeed. It may be achieved by learning more informal idiomatic expressions, using gestures while talking, and using electronics in a positive way. Then, human communication would be really interesting and helpful for studying in peoples lives.

Overview Of Mergers And Acquisitions

Overview Of coalitions And AcquisitionsThe literature has observed and increasing investigation closely MA in the las two decades Appelbaum et al., 2007 in response to a lot of MA activities a coarse side with the complex situation that appear from the interaction of two parties (Gaughan, 2002). translation of MA, in a broad sense, may be implied to many contrasting type of transactions from whollyiences, purchase, cooperation, joint ventures, solicitude buy-out nad buy-in, transplant of intelligent form and even restructuring (Picot, 2002, p.15). However, , Nakamura (2005) argues that using broad definitions could lay down confusion and incorrectly comprehend e real(prenominal)thing from strategic everyiances to pure conjugations. Therefore, a narrower sense of MA definition is adopted as below. Merger is the creation of new holding fraternity by combining of two upstandinglys (European telephone exchange Bank, 2000, Gaughan, 2002, Jagersma, 2005). Acquisition is p urchasing sh ars or assets from another company in order broaden the influence of the management(European Central Bank, 2000, Chunlai subgenus Chen and Findlay, 2003), when mutual agreement might not be necessary.Types of MAAccording to Nakamura (2005, p.18) Mergers atomic number 18 referred to as two types of merger by preoccupation or merger by establishment (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003, Nakamura, 2005). The absorbing merger happens when one company buys all the stocks of another and the absorbed company shekels from existing whereas Establishment merger happens when both firms merge to create a new one while the combined firms are dissolved (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). Moreover, Nakamura (2005) considered the merger by absorption as as de facto acquisition. Thus the destination consolidation could similarly be used to refer to merger by an establishment (Gaughan, 2002). In acquisition, the acquiring company may try to set about certain portions or assets of the ta rget company. As a result, here are two type of acquisitionsFirstly, the assets acquisition (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003) which occurs when a firm buys all or part of the target firms assets while the target firm be as a legal entity after the process. Secondly, the share acquisition when a firm buys a signifi piece of tailt share of stocks in the target firm which provides them managerial influence in the target company. Moreover, depending on the amount of acquired share of stocks then the acquisition is again assort into three types (1) majority (50-99%), (2) nonage (less than 50%) and (3) complete progeny over (100% of targets issued shares) (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003, Nakamura, 2005). In fact, acquisitions and mergers are distinct with different outcomes regarding tax liabilities, legal obligations and acquisition procedures (Marren, 1993). However, there is not attempt to separate the acquisition transaction from the merger when speaking about the final outcomes wh en companies combine together. MA disregard be named Vertical, Horizontal or Conglomerate (Gaughan, 2002, Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). In horizontal mergers and acquisitions, the acquiring firms and the target firms are competing companies in the equal field. Chunlai Chen and Findlay (2003) argues, because of the international restructuring of many industries, horizontal MA observed a rapid growth in recent old age in response to liberalization and technological change. These figures are seen in industries manage automobile, petroleum and pharmaceutical. A devout example of mergers and acquisition in this menage is the US76 Billion Dollars Merger in the midst of two enormous pharmaceutical companies, smithkline Beecham and Glaxo (MANDA, 2007). Smithkline Beechams originator CEO Jan Leschly, said, the aim of this transaction was RD synergy in order ginger snap opportunities to drive high revenues since new technologies are emerging rapidly in this particular industry (C arey, 2000 in Harvard Business recap, 2001). However, the combination of companies in buyer-seller or client-supplier relationships is the Vertical merger and acquisition. Transaction toll and uncertainty is being minify when the two involved firms downstream and upstream linkage within the determine chain and to create benefits in the economic scope (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). withstandly, firms may try to reduce risks and light upon economies of scope by practicing conglomerate MA where the involving firms have different types of businesses. A good example is when General Foods in 1985 was acquired by Philip Morris for value of US5.6 Billion Dollars (Gaughan, 2002). Further much, Mergers and acquisitions can be called hostile or friendly(Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003). The transaction is friendly when the board of executive of the target firm agrees to it. On the contrary, the transaction is considered hostile when it is done against the wishes of the target company b oard. Last but not least, MA can be also classified as cross-border or domestic with regards to where the involved firms are based or operate their ca-ca. In Domestic MA the involved companies come from the same country and operate within that same economical region or country. Accordingly, the cross-border MA are two companies are situated in different economies, or the two companies are working in the same economy but they belong to different countries (Chunlai Chen and Findlay, 2003).Appelbaum, S.H., Lefrancois, F., Tonna, R., and Shapiro, B.T., 2007. Mergers 101 (part two) training managers for kitchen-gardening, stress, and change challenges. Industrial and Commercial Training, 39 (4), 191-200Gaughan, P. A., 2002. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate restructuring. 3rd ed. New YorkPicot, G., 2002. vade mecum of international mergers and acquisitions Preparation, Implementation and integratingNakamura, H.R., 2005. Motives, Partner Selection and Productivity effectuate of M As The Pattern of Japanese Mergers and Acquisition. Thesis (Ph.D.), Institute of International Business, Stockholm crop of Economics.European Central Bank, 2000. Mergers and Acquisitions involving the EU Banking industry Facts and Implications online. uncommitted at www.ecb.int/ barroom/pdf/other/eubkmergersen.pdf Accessed 1 October 2007Gaughan, P. A., 2002. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate restructuring. 3rd ed. New YorkJagersma, P. K., 2005. Cross-border acquisitions of European multinationals. daybook of General solicitude. 30 (3), 13-34Chunlai Chen, Z., and Findlay, C., 2003. A Review of Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions in APEC. Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 17 (2), 14-38.Marren, H., 1993. Mergers and Acquisitions a valuation handbook, Business One Irwin, Homewood, IllinoisInstitute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances Research, 2007. Top Mergers Acquisitions (MA) Deals online. Available at http//www.mandainstitute.org/en/statistics-top-ma-deals-transaction s.htm Accessed 10 October 2007. Investopedia ULD, no date. Advisor online. Available at http//www.investopedia.com/ monetary value/a/advisor.asp. Accessed 15 October 2007Harvard Business Review, 2001. Harvard Business Review on Merger and Acquisition.U.S.A Harvard Business school Publishing CorporationMotives and objectives of MAUnderstanding the objectives of an MA can be shown in two perspective. These objectives are to fulfill managerial influence or to maximize the shareholders wealth. In the perspective of maximizing the shareholders wealth, the main(prenominal) target behind the transaction between the two companies is to create a maximization of wealth for the shareholders. This happens when the net current value of the investment is in a positive trend. Thus, the other managerial perspective of the MA can happen in order to maintain growth, risk diversification, use of previous(prenominal) skills and abilities and to avoid being taken over (Sudarsanam, 1995).The literature on MA has a significant effort in analyzing the fountain behind its transaction. ON the other hand Trautwein (1990) and later Cox (2006) they made a good summary with different theories that you can see in the table below. The suggested motive under different theories, Trautwein (1990) mentioned that MA creators refer to value creation and the synergy in order to justify the MA action. Trautwein (1990) also mentioned that is little certify found about the implied motive in both research and give by the raider theory process. He also taped into the frill theory but it has no consideration for this dissertation as it is on macro-economic level rather that micro-economic. However, Gaughan (2002) explains MA motives in a more pragmatic way by referring many theories supported with multiple case studies.So Gaughan has four main motive for the MAMA is a cogitate for the companies to grow rapidly.Economic gains and return are hoped to be achieved by the MA firmsCreating a large firm with the MA to gain a best market access which can promise lower capital cost and other pecuniary benefits.Creating gains by applying a more superior managerial influence on the target business.Thus, it can be concluded that all the authors had common sense that motives can vary between different MA deals and it is difficult to simply justify with a singe theory or approach.Sudarsanam, S. (1995). The essence of mergers and acquisitions. Hemel Hampstead Prentice hallCox, R. A. K., 2006. Merger and Acquisition A Review of the Literature. Corporate Ownership Control, Spring, 3 (3), 55-59Trautwein, F., 1990. Merger Motives and Prescriptions. Strategic Management Journal, 11 (4), 283-295Gaughan, P. A., 2002. Mergers, Acquisitions, and Corporate restructuring. 3rd ed. New YorkCUsersJohabDesktopimage.pngChallenges and problems of MAAccording to Smith (2003),after analyzing many cases he argues that many MA s fail to achieve their objectives.Every firm has a unique ending, but there ca n be similar things between two firms depending on the company management, vision, size and objectives. However, when two firms will merge under one management, the organizational husbandry becomes a serious problem that needs to be dealt with.Challenges arise in MA from fallership, confabulation and cultural differences and not only from legal or financial problems. However, tremendous studies suggest that the success factors of MA mainly depend on culture. Moreover, managers should have awareness about the difference in culture between organizations and avoid the problems by maintaining good communication with the employees, stakeholders and customers (Dell et al. 2001, Kelly et al. 1999, Kearney 1999, Booz-Allen Hamilton 2001 inPautler 2003). Thus, many mergers fail during the consolidation process. This normally results due to cultural differences, management, strategy, lack of clear vision and communication delays (Nguyen, Kleiner 2003).So the challenges can be in three di fferent split1- individual(a)s Whatever is the change in a company like fashion or drastic like a merger, is always about the people(Todnem, 2005). The world factor in mergers and acquisitions in recognized as a very important base for it success (Boaten, 2006). The reason is that these individuals are the breathing and lifespan organisms who bring life and prosperity into the company. They create the firms unique culture which is in its industry, management and nationality etc. Thus, this is a reason why persuading these people is very important to achieve the organizational goals and the desired synergy by the MA. Accordingly, Individual face many challenges during the MA. Some of the staged based on Fishers work the personal transition curve can be identified as follows.A-Fear of the unknown and worry When the the short-term plans for the future are not clear, that brings anxiety for the employees which creates the fear of the unknown. Therefore, they will try to resist the change.B-Stress and threat leading to the opinion The lack of communication makes the individual feel lost and makes it impossible for them to visit their standing. Feeling ill or doing it as an excuse for a long absence from the company. Fear of the change and the involved uncertainty makes the employees feel jeopardise from the future and their capriole security. This even makes the employee look for different personal line of credits instead of way on their own. Eventually the production goes down rapidly and the synergies start to dissolve.c-Integration and toleration When the employees start accepting the facts and change gradually, integration takes place incrementally. Thus, through the process there will be increasing in the employee turnover rate which also causes a decrease in the intellectual capital and can lead to MA failure.2-Lack of effective leadership Starting from top level management to lower level employees, they all become worried about their job securit y. This can cause a decrease in the employee commitment to their job and the company they work for and reduced satisfaction at work which leads to a weak performance. The managers also lose their trust and start hesitating to take decisions. Lack of trust leads to isolation from other teams and managers. This leads to breakdowns in communications and creating more anxiety for the employees who need a good confidence and leadership from the executives.Moreover, the query in the managerial abilities leads to more resistance to any change that happens during the MA.3-Cultural crash As mentioned above, the culture is a very important aspect in any MA.the cultural differences in managerial system and values cause many problems for the employee to adapt successfully which result a culture clash.The culture problem is a phenomenon that created the bases of all the resistance Nguyen and Kleiner(2003) from the commitment problems, increasing turnover of the staff, company structure and red uces productivity which ultimately leads to the failure of the MA.Pautler, P.A. (2003) The Effects of Mergers and Post-Merger Integration A Review of Business Consulting Literature, Bureau of Economics Federal pot CommissionNguyen, H., Kleiner, B.H. (2003), The Effective Management of Mergers, Leadership Organisation Development Journal, 24(8), pp. 447-454Todnem, R. (2005), Organisational change over Management A Critical Review, Journal of Change Management, 5(4), pp. 369-380Londros, G., Boateng, A. (2006) The role of culture in the merger and acquisition process. Evidence from the European chemical industry, Management Decision, 44(10), pp.1405-1421Banal-Estanol, A., Seldeslachts, J. (2011) Merger Failures, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 20(2), p.589-624

Relationship Between Enlightenment and Sociology

Relationship Between enlightenment and SociologyThe possibility of cordial development and progress was the key nonion of the enlightenment Ray,13. The puzzle of Renaissance recovery from the dark ages, rediscovery of antique philosophy, the expansion of colonialism and exploration of non-European cultures, go against established order and wind to expansion of upstart bringing close togethers doubting customs duty. The sagacity recognized that charitablee history converts, that societies experience real(a) and mental, moral, or philosophic progress. That modernity is nevertheless a nonher stage of development, that does not forget the peculiarity of history, but might be as nearly a spring of some better, new parliamentary procedure. Eighteen century thinkers considered reason as the ahead(p) force of change, believing, that human friendship and consciousness may develop linearly. Since the Enlightenment was an age of perception and reason, philosophers t c losing curtain to split upify and order possessed knowledge. That lead to a few theories of diachronic stages development of societies that arranged historical periods in progressive order, as Turgot and Condorset did Ray, 13-15.The Enlightenments attachment to the idea of progressive development of societies lead to the ideas of future utopia final, goal stage of well-disposed evolution. It was a very rosy concept of history, pencil lead from dark, oppressive periods in the past, through and through ambiguous and jumbled modernity, to some enlighten, better, just future. Such utopian vision was described by Condorcet, for whom future inn would prevail tyranny by changing tradition and superstition into reason Ray, 15. Delany wrote of the Enlightenment as characterized by a authentic utopianism, which was a reflection of the belief in the promises of modernity to bring closely freedom. Unlike earlier societal thought, it displayed a enormous belief in the power of huma n action to shape the future Delany, Blackwell, 23. The same was accredited for Marx, who saw communism as the perfect and approximately of completely just sociable system. For Marx the end stage of human history communism equal the most desired and final phase of human development. As Sideman wrote Marx never gave up his Enlightenment faith in the coming of a new era Sideman, 1998, 36.But contrary to the Enlightenment philosophers, for Marx the utopia was not to be obtained through evolution and development of reason, but through gyration of organiseing class. The idea of revolution was not present in eighteen century onwards the experience of French revolution. Though it is sad that the Enlightenment prepared the account for the revolt in France, works of eighteen century thinkers did not spell to force or violent change. Marx shared the romantic vision of with adduce-controlled thinkers and activists supporting French strife. Moreover, unlike his eighteen century a ncestors, Marx desire freedom in proletariat the working class of modernity. The Enlightenment was an age of intellectuals, fully grown special role to philosophers in the process of development of association Szacki. In eighteen century thought reason had the emancipatory force. Marx violent vision of revolution did not reserved place for intellectuals, though Marx was one of them. .Ideologies and religious beliefThe end of the Middle Ages ended the era of gods laws and theo lawful explanation of affable order. The Enlightenment splitd religion blueprint politics. Eighteen century brought to intent the concept of habitual private studys. Religion became private matter of citizens. Gods rights no bimestrial decided on policy-making questions and societal relations. Secular baseball club was establish on temporal rules. The Enlightenment believed in reason and science, and through them sought emancipation from religion and superstition. Social change required that cu ltural traditions be weakened to allow for new ideas and attitudes favoring sociable progress Seidman, 1998, 34. Religion and tradition constrained social change and overruled the utopian vision of future. It does not besotted that the Enlightenment was a truly secular area. Rejection of religion covered notwithstanding public, political sphere. None of the great philosophers of the period Becon, Diderot, Locke postulated atheism Ray, 13. The issue was to separate religion from science, theology from logical reasoning. Religion intruded cognition, so had to be prone in the sphere of knowledge.Marx also shared with the Enlightenment the concept of secular society. Though he brought the idea of secularization moreover. For Marx all ideology and meta-narration of society in every stage of its development was a product of menstruation economical relations, so was the religion. Religion, internalized rules, regulations and prohibitions, served justification of the conditions of fruit and hence the justification of exploitation. In this gumption religion was a mechanism of oppression. That is wherefore, harmonize to Marx, emancipation not only required rejection of theological order of the world, but also arrant(a) rejection of religion. Once again this emancipation required revolution dramatic and sudden change of economic conditions that would change social relations, including execution of religion. In this awareness religion was not a private issue, but a political one, that justified bourgeois order. As in the eighteen century religion obstructed change this time, though, it was not suppose to be withdraw from public life, but destroyed absolutely. Revolution guaranteed changing social order not only in the sphere of production, but also in the sphere of religion.The role of scienceThe Enlightenment was the era of development of sciences. A great expand of sciences such as mathematics, medicine, natural sciences changed the view of modern philos ophers on the world and human chassis. recognition revealed mystery of existence and the order of nature. That is why science become one of the ways to obtain singular freedom. Science lead to discovery of logical, rational order of human and societal relations. For Marx science also had an important role in revealing the rules of organization of society. Marx knew that in order to change, it is necessary to understand the social forces institutions, cultural traditions, social sorts Seidman, 1998, 34. In Marx surmise science held the explanatory role by revealing the real nature of social order, gives information about social classes, modes of production and rules of historical development. According to Marx, science should be establish on rational assumptions, logical laws, it should reject habitual virtuoso and superstitions.Economic perspectiveThough Marx possible action shares materialistic perspective, he was not the one to introduce economic variant of social life. Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and others eighteen century thinkers saw the leading role of economy in social life. Those early economists wrote about dehumanisation of work and disintegration of society through modern specialization of production and technical development of the production process Ray, 15. Capitalist revolution of eighteen century brought new phenomena that were not overlooked by present-day thinkers. shun effects of industrialization, demographic explosion and urbanization were thoroughly discussed by that time.As we can see, the importance of material conditions for human individual and collective life was not the Marx invention, though he also observed that technology destroys social relations. Innovations, machines and devices used in the process of production serve the dominant class for exploitation of workers Ray, 65. Nevertheless, with his materialistic view on society, Marx went further, with the idea that the reproduction of material life precedes the produc tion of culture Seidman, 1998, 37. For Marx material conditions of existence were the floor for all other characteristics of life. According to Marx, living conditions determine social body structure, policies, rules and morality. Marx showed that certain social conditions shape certain forms of consciousness. That was a great contribution of Marx thought to social sciences. Since Marx, social scientists began re hunting on the role of material conditions on human thoughts, believes and attitudes, giving a start to many disciplines of social sciences, as sociology of thought, sociology of knowledge or sociology of religion Szacki, 231. Moreover, since Marx, social scientists consider development process and self-command relations of societies as the most important criteria of social studies analysis.The concept of stateEnlightenment to find such origins of social order not to plant freedom. How to reconcile freedom and social order. Enlightenment the idea of individual in societ y free form state, church and other collective forms of organizations. cultivated society idea freedom through civil rights. In search of order based on rational assumptions.The role of philosopher as a leading role in creating social order, morality. Intelectuals Szacki, 84, Ray, Enlightenment, 11.All stages of development according to Marx were different social formations. Those formations were direct creations of economic relations within society. The most thorough fully described formation was bourgeois one. It was contemporary, most real and differentiated mode of production. Capitalism stage of development was characterized by binary star class structure, where one class was the group of society that sold their work and did not own other means of productions the workers, while the other was the group of owners of means of production that benefited from workers work the capitalists.Individualism and collective actionIn earlier philosophy status of human being in society was constant and determined not by human himself but by external forces the world order, gods will, some kind of justice and internal sense of social existence. Enlightenment and especially the French revolution, brought the idea of civil society and civil rights Szacki, 85. The Enlightenment claimed that all human beings share some common characteristics that are independent of external, historical or natural conditions. It was a kind of individualism, that claimed that human nature in general have some common characteristics inherited form the state of nature. That is what makes society egalitarian differences between human status in society are merely secondary. In this sense that all (male) human beings are equal and share the same civic rights. Emancipation in this context was a political emancipation of citizens form feudal, traditional relations.Marx connected human position in social structure with material conditions and idea of work and ownership. For him the idea of s ociety was not based on the idea of civil rights but on the idea of economic relations between different social groups classes. It was dichotomous vision of society made of workers and capitalists the owners of means of production. Emancipation was possible not on the cornerstone of civil rights but on the basis of changing economic relations. This was a revolutionary perspective leading to turnover of social order. Unlike the Enlightenment, Marx did not perceived emancipation and concept of freedom in individual actions. He clearly rejected individualism both in terms of individual social actions and as the method of inference about human conditions. Marx claimed that every individual is rooted in his collective history and society, and his consciousness, as well as beliefs, goals and needs are shaped through that heritage. That is why not only analysis of human conditions, but also the projected change of social relations, has to take into consideration collective baggage and collective effort. That is why Marx shared the belief that individuals do not act on ideas in the main because they are true of have been proven correct, but on the basis of their self-interest. Ideas may shape our actions, but our social interests determine which ideas we adopt.CLASS AND sectionalization OF SOCIETYCritical theoryMarx is perceived as the father of overcritical theory. As Bryan wrote it classical sociology is a critical discipline, because it represents typically an attack on the taken-for-granted assumptions of bourgeois, utilitarian liberalism. This critical tradition is conventionally associated with Marxism Bryan s. Turner, Blackwell, 9. But one cannot misrepresent that critical attitude was characteristic for the Enlightenment thought. XVIII century philosophers questioned traditions, religions, authorities, beliefs, metaphysics and everything else that was not perceived rational. Marx theory gave basis for future revolutions, but it was the Enlightenment th ought that was a mother of French Revolution. In this sense the Enlightenment theories were the world-class revolutionary theories, revolutionary through their critique, doubt and rejection. Marx only developed further this critical perspective, but he was not the first one to disuse contemporary, well established order.our social interests are determined by our social position, in particular our class status Seidman, 1998, 34Marx and Engels aimed to shift the focus of social criticism from the analysis of consciousness and the evolution of ideas to that of the development of social institutions and conflicts Seidman, 1998, 37historic materialism class dynamics shape the organization of socioeconomic systems which in turn, determine the structure and direction of the whole society S, 38Class theory of society, class strugglePower comes from the ownership of means of productionsocial theory becomes the critique of political economy, Delany, Blackwell, 25New constructs commodificati on, class-struggle, profit, surplus valueMarxs social theory was a critical one. Critique does not try to explicate or simply interpret society for its own sake, but is inherently critical of the prevailing social order and seeks to reveal the system of domination. Delany, Blackwell, 25Karl Marx, efficaciously replaced philosophical analysis with an advanced social theory of modern society. Delany, Blackwell, 23Conclusions power vs. modes of productionReason vs. false consciousnessReason vs. ownership

Consultation Skills In Relation To Non Medical Prescribing Nursing Essay

Consultation Skills In Relation To Non Medical Prescribing Nursing EssayTo represent this I leave behind utilise the model of reflection ad given(predicate)ed from (Boud, Keogh and footer 1985) as to focus on influences on prescribing, psychology of prescribing working through and through the consultation, decision- do and therapy, and referral.Being present in the consultation as a non- aesculapian prescriber challenged me to bring questions ab out my own manage and the consultant psychiatrist, focussing on how we arrived at our decisions and occasionally resulting in contrasting views.According to (Butler et al 1998) mevery political science advise that the prime skills associated with the prescribing figure out are capable exploration of the affected roles worriesAdequate provision of information to the patient regarding the natural processes of the disease being handleThe advisability of self- practice of medicine in trivial unsoundnessThe getting even pertaining to poor communication has a negative impact with patient-practitioner relationship and was admit in an informative physical composition by (Britten et al 2000). Ultimately, all of the failures of communication were linked with an absence of the patients exponentiation during the consultation process.There is evidence that failure to actively engage in, or even visualize, the patients perspective is a common failing amongst prescribers. (Britten et al 2000). rattling often there is a focus on the term residency and it is only recently that admits are focussing on the more apt term of harmoniousness. The term compliance was viewed as being authority soaked (Marinker 1997) where it was expected that patients complied implicitly and without question when a prescription was given. There was smallish acceptance that patients would actively participate in the decision making process that surrounded the generation of the prescription. (Cox et al. 2002)Objective recognition of the patients pe rspectives, requirements and beliefs need to be acknowledged and thusly(prenominal) the recognition of whatsoever major differences between these and the prescribers needs could be perceived when providing nursing care.It is not honorable the act of writing out the prescription that is important, but it is the understanding of the processes and dynamics of the interactions that are taking come forth between prescriber and patient that are the fundamental key to good prescribing practice (Kuhse et al 2001).The consultation I chose to focus on was carried out by a consultant psychiatrist who for the purposes of this work shall be known as DR S, with myself as an observer of the consultation.The patient to be seen was a 45 stratum old serviceman who will be known for the purposes of this work as Mr A, who had been referred by dermatology to the mental wellness out-patients clinic as a new patient.Dermatology had referred this gentleman after a 12 month level of attending their division where Mr A had complained of persistent generalised skin fretfulness, and despite receiving treatment with them it appeared he may bugger off an underlying mental wellness issue.Dr S began the oppugn by thoroughly reading the referral from dermatology and examineing what had been the concern from their point of view.The patient was then seen and before Dr S had chance to ask the patient anything Mr A convey that he was confused as to why he had been referred to the mental health department, and not dermatology, which he perceived his medical complaint to be associate to.The British Medical Journal (2000) has recognised a common content amongst studies of patients in that they have a tendency to prefer prescribers (doctors or shields) who hark and provide time for the individual to express their concerns without observeing hurriedDr S asked Mr A why he had been attending Dermatology to which Mr A detailed a 12 month history of describing an itchy scalp, generalis ed skin irritation and said no treatment had so far helped him. Mr A then went on to express that he matte up all of these symptoms may be out-of-pocket to a parasite, or a bug which was doing any(prenominal)thing to him, and described a feeling of the bug weaving whateverthing on his face which enveloped his eyes. Other symptoms he described was that this bug or parasite was all the time making him feel thirsty and taking moisture from his body, and could somehow transpose itself to opposite people, including his own GP and friends describing like a magnetic type effect.From this initial information it was evident that Mr A was suffering from a delusional complaint which was quite systemised and concrete and Mr A appeared not to bring out any other symptoms of mental health. A diagnosis of parasitosis delusional deflect was made.It was clear Mr A undeniable treatment but the main factor to consider was that Mr A did not believe he any form of mental disorder and therefore there was a real number issue surrounding concord with proposed treatment.Usually, it is difficult to obtain informed consent to treat patients with delusional parasitosis with antipsychotics. and so experienced clinicians tell their patients that the antipsychotics are effective against the itch or the problems with the pests in order not to have to lie. (Musalek, 1991 Driscoll et al, 1993 Winsten, 1997 Freudenmann, 2002).This is due to the patients level of insight obstructive their decision to accept treatment, because they hold a non-reality based caprice that it is a somatic illness.It is therefore found that the patient will normally have sought help from their G.P., dermatologists and will often be adverse to the idea of seeing a mental health professionalA generous medical history was taken, looking at any familial medical problems, family composition and looking at the social aspects of MR A to include areas of employment, relationships, and any drug/alcohol usage.Th ere have been some criticisms of the education of nurse prescribing in relation to the communication skills of nurses, where it is felt that historically there has been excessively much of a focus on taking a history and coming to a diagnosis.It was apparent to me that Dr S had to use his skill as an experienced mental health clinician to challenge Mr As concept of his illness not being related to a problem with his mental healthDr A approached the issue of explaining Mr A symptoms, not referring to mental health or delusions, but explaining Mr As perceived symptoms by informing him that although he believed that these experiences were real to MR A , that his brain was interpreting false signals resulting in these unusual thoughts. Dr A went on to use the analogy of an amputee who perceives that he can still feel is amputated leg, through false interpretations of the brain.Drew et al. (2001). found that prescribers would emphasise the positive benefits of the medicinal drug far mo re frequently than they would discuss the risks and precautions, despite the fact that the patients cognizance was that such a discussion is seen as essential.Therefore looking at this, this could lead to patient confusion, with patient anxieties, and a degree of ambivalence to medicament being offered to them.It is transparent that if there is a degree of empathic display between that of the patient and the prescriber, there is a greater chance of concordance.This will hopefully lead to an interpolate magnitude level of compliance/concordance and patient satisfaction resulting in desired clinical resultsHere we face the issue surrounding honesty, integrity, consent and acting in the outmatch interest of the patients in focussing on treatmentThe issue of treatment was then discussed by Dr A, who said to Mr S that he believed he could help him by prescribing some music for him that would help relive the distressing symptoms he was experiencing.Mr A ab initio expressed some conf usion once more why he was not seeing dermatology as he perceived the problem needed treating by themThis indicates that Mr S was still not displaying any insight and the questions of concordance issues were reconsidered.The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE 2002) recommends that a risk mind should be performed by the mental health clinician responsible for treatment and the multidisciplinary team regarding concordance with medication, and depot preparations should be prescribed when appropriate.Mr A questioned the proposed medication and it was explained to him that he would be given a variant of Neuroleptic medication of a new medication called Aripiprazole. Dr A said that although the medication leaflet would watch the medication was used for Schizophrenia, that Mr A should not be too crazy about that as that was not the reason why he would be taking it. Dr A then went on to say that the leaflet would too explain possible side-effects and that although it list ed quite a few they were quite rare.The constitution by (Cox et al.2000) found that it was common practice for prescribers to jump the discussions about just what medication they were going to prescribe, rarely refer to the medicine by spend a penny and equally rarely refer to how a newly prescribed medication is perceived to differ in either action or purpose, to those antecedently prescribed. Patient understanding is rarely checked as it is usually off-key after the prescriber has given the prescription. Even when invited to do so, patients seldom take the hazard to ask questions. (Cox et al 2000)I felt it was the right thing to initiate pharmacological treatment, although on reading come along research surrounding the best treatment for Parisitosis I would question the select of medication Mr A was commenced onHowever, after spending many clinical hours with this particular Consultant Psychiatrist, I am aware that he has high tendency of prescribing Aripiprazole for the maj ority of his clients.On questioning Dr A about his decision for choice of medication, Dr A commented that it is the newest and most effective of the a regular medications with lesser incidence of side effect sexual congress to other medications in its group. I had to question myself that there may be other factors influencing in the prescribing decision which were not based on any of the NICE guidance or that of the British Journal of Psychiatry. In fact, Dr A replied to me with medical jargon relating to molecular structures of both the brain and chemical present of Aripiprazole which was hard to follow due to its complexity.I was conscious that as a consultant psychiatrist of many years experience, I was not original of the honesty or consequences if I had challenged Dr A about his continued choice of Aripiprazole against other choices of medication any further.After researching treatment for this disorder, I felt that the initiation of a regular(prenominal) antipsychotic shou ld have seriously been considered due to its proven faster working efficacy. However, it is known that typical antipsychotics have an increased prevalence of side-effects. Therefore I had considered the preliminary use of typical antipsychotics to establish a degree of insight into the beneficence of taking medication, and if it was felt that further pharmacological treatment is required then switch to a typical antipsychotic as recommended by the NICE guidelines.An article in the British Journal of Psychiatry (2007) highlighted that delusional parasitosis has shown significant treatment results with the use of typical antipsychotics. (Traberts 1995) found that the introduction of typical antipsychotics has substantially improved remission order(Frithz 1979) described another important treatment in delusional parasitosis is to consider typical anti-psychotic depot medication. This was suggested, as was earlier highlighted that one of the main stumbling blocks is a lack of insight t hat causes patients t be reluctant to accept unwritten medication.However, the administration of medication in injection form might be viewed by the patient as the answer to their somatic perception of their illness. It would be hoped that the injection would lead to a degree of insight where the patient may be more open to accept regular medicationAt the end of the consultation the patient Mr A agreed to take the medication as prescribed and was offered a further out-patients appointment in 2 weeks time.Ultimately, I accept a clear indication for medication, and in conjugation with this at a later stage this could be combined with some cognitive behavioural therapy should symptoms persist.Clinical Governance plays an important part in relation to prescribing., and in particular for non-medical prescribers role .(Bradley E and Nolan P 2005) area that training courses must remain up-to-date and flexible and must change in response to changes in government policy on non-medical pres cribing, with nurse prescribing leads being involved in any discussion about course development.

Maintain Ethical And Professional Standards

Maintain Ethical And Professional StandardsThis secondary research toil exit consider the corporeal nerve that JSE listed companies uphold. This research task result de shapeine the extent to which these companies maintain estimable and professed(prenominal) normals. Two companies provide be chosen and their corporate governance leave behind be collected and closely run acrossed at, t produceher will be a discussion of the training collected for each of the two companies. A conclusion will be made as to which conjunction is in shapeit governed based on the randomness which has been collected for the research. admission incarnate governance is a senior high societys operating principles in terms of their morals, corporate br differently tariff, professionalism and the control which stakeholders arrest over the party to ensure the above principles ar followed. Two companies which know been chosen will be looked at closely in terms of their corporate governance. The generate of the research is to determine which of the two companies is kick downstairs governed, and which of the two companies maintain ethical and professional standards.MethodologyI have mainly used the net as it is difficult to get brochures with the relevant information ab kayoed the hatful. I have looked at various sites about the corporation. I have tested to email the corporation for special information which I was unable to regain on the internet. I have chosen the two companies as I enjoy performance throughing at some of the restaurants which be franchises of the corporation and for the weft of the other corporation it is because my family shops with them.Choice of companiesBoth Shoprite Holdings Ltd and spikelet pile be earthly concern companies which ar listed on the JSE. These public companies have a Corporate Social Index which determines the amount of involvement they have in the companionship. sever eithery of these two companies follows a si milar personal line of credit grammatical construction (Anonymous, nonp aril-year typography 2006, 2006) (Anonymous, Investor c ar, unknown), scarce each oneness has an individual contri simplyion to the participation, socio-economic subject nations and the surroundings. Each company follows a opposite mandate of ethics, but each company engages to non nonwithstanding to develop advance but to as closely as give ski binding to the community and to provide for their consumers. I have chosen these two companies as they have crac world-beater involvement in the community as hale as provide excellent service for their customers. Shoprite Holdings Ltd provides for race who be sound to do as easy as those who are less advantaged. Shoprite gives mainstay to the community in vast amounts and this is the cause why they are plunk forrest up by the community. My family shops at Shoprite as well as eats at Spur which is another reason why I chose these two comp anies, to look at in closer detail.Food is our passion.Welcoming you, our pleasureIntroduction into Spur skunk micro environmentOur vision is to be the go virtually family sit-down restaurant in the market in which we trade (Anonymous, Annual typography 2006, 2006). Our mission is to be dedicated at all multiplication to our customers and rung- to provide a taste for life for our customers and to be a owing(p) place to work for our rung (Anonymous, Annual enunciate 2006, 2006).Allen Ambor executive director professorshipSpur lodge follows the patronage and supply organisation structure which has a gore of directors who over look the entire organisation. infra the directors are the managers in each of the different fields for example advertising and finances. Below the managers are the staff which interact directly with the customers (Anonymous, Annual Report 2006, 2006). Spur corporation is well alert of the service which they charter to provide their customers with .Ronel van Dijk monetary directorPierre van TonderManaging directorMark FelleryDeputy managing directorMuzi KuzwayoIndependent non-executive directorDean Hydenon-executive directorKeith Getznon-executive directorKeith Maddersnon-executive director MBE(deputy chairman)Phillip JoffeExecutive directorKevin RobertsonExecutive directorFinancial managerPublic dealing managerFloor managerHuman resource manager merchandise managerGeneral manager rungStaffStaffStaffStaffStaffCorporate cordial business and sustainabilityCorporate social responsibility is the responsibility of the organization to give back to their community. The project of the king II base is to improve corporate governance throughout the satisfying structure of the commercial enterprise. All public companies which are listed on the JSE are stimulate to give back to their community.The king III report is similar in context with regards to king II, but with the exception that businesses need to follow the deuce-ace bo ttom line reporting which is People Planet and Profit. This thence subject matter that businesses should not scarcely counseling on gaining a scratch but also giving back to their community.Spur throne mainly focuses on providing for the underprivileged children (Anonymous, Annual Report 2006, 2006). By raising these origins and being a part of these projects Spur aims to gain awareness as nigh citizens for the group of staff who are twisting (Anonymous, Annual Report 2006, 2006). The projects are mainly aimed at sporting activities which they believe develop people oddly the young South Afri raises (Anonymous, Annual Report 2006, 2006).Spur club is mixed in the following community projectsSpur Soccer Masidlale(lets play)- this project focuses on developing children from ages of 8 12. in that respect are children who come from umpteen different communities and children who have experienced different things in life (Anonymous, Annual Report 2006, 2006). This project ai ms to teach these children life skills as well as second them gain self- confidence and teaches them many life skills which will encourage them in their future (Anonymous, Annual Report 2006, 2006). This project will mainly focus on children who are underprivileged (Anonymous, Annual Report 2006, 2006)Spur slew is problematic in charity play tour. In this project in that respect are many other organisations and competitors which donate money towards the charity create mentally and in that respectfore compete in the golf tour (Anonymous, Spur chairty golf day, 2006). The money which is raised in thousands is given to a charity. Spur aims to cast up the donations every year (Anonymous, Spur chairty golf day, 2006).Spur Corporation believes at that place should be a balance between making a profit and also looking and the long term of necessity of South Africa, the environment and their employees. There are specific people who are allocated the role to ensuring there is a way in which Spur Corporation can fasten the impact they have on the environment. This team looks at the sustainability of their strategy.Spur Corporation is entangled in projects which are short term. The Spur Corporation is not involved in many corporate social responsibility projects. The projects which they are involved in are ones from which South African children can gather up life skills and gain personal growth. Therefore Spur Corporation needs to look at projects which are long term and ones which can service communities or children for long periods of time and not have a hit and run approach. Once Spur Corporation gets involved in lots(prenominal) projects to encourage communities or certain children, they begin to rely on the funds. considerable term projects are most beneficial.Socio-Economic go forths and strategies usedSpur Corporation is involved in HIV/AIDS management project. The groupIs supportive towards the issue and are non-discriminatoryprovides knowledg eal workshops about the issueprovides free access to condoms and educational videosThis project is aimed at educating the employees of Spur Corporation so they are aware of the virus and have the knowledge to prevent contracting the diseaseSpur Corporation is not involved in addressing many socio-economic issues. There are many socio-economic issues which South Africa is facing much(prenominal) as poverty. Spur Corporation could focus on addressing projects which are sustainable and which can improve an issue which South Africa is facing. Poverty is one of the biggest issues in the world not only South Africa therefore Spur Corporation could get sponsors as well as raise their own funds to give toward a fund specifically for poverty stricken communities within South Africa or around the world.Natural disasters have affected the world and many peoples lives. Spur Corporation could also help with donations or fund raising to uplift these communities.There are many other socio-econom ic issues which Spur Corporation could address. Donations can be put into their budget as they are an organisation which is making high turnovers (Anonymous, Annual Report 2006, 2006). inscribe of ethicsSpur Corporation has a code of ethics which expects all employees to have the highest moral and ethical standards internally and externally (with the stakeholders and shareholders). (Anonymous, Spur Corporation Annual Report 2006, 2006). The code of ethics contains principles such as integrity honesty and good enhancer, impartiality transparency and openness and accountablility and responsibility which all staff should adhere to (Anonymous, Spur Corporation Annual Report 2006, 2006). The Spur Corporation has a high standard to which they keep up to and therefore this is what helps the business grow. Their code of ethics guides staff on how to behave with their customers and shareholders. The code of ethics will also help shareholders to deal with any unehical behaviour (Anonymous, S pur Corporation Annual Report 2006, 2006)Introduction into Shoprite Holdings limited micro environmentOur mission of the Shoprite Group of Companies is to be the consumers preferred shopping destination, by retailing aliment and non-food products at the terminal prices from conveniently located outlets in an environment that is conducive to shopping. (Anonymous, Customer care, 2008).Shoprite follows the line and staff organisation structure. The line and staff organisation structure is the board of directors over looking the entire organisation. Below the directors are the managers of each specific aspect of the business such as the human resource manager. Below the managers are the staff which work directly with the customers.Corporate social responsibility and sustainabilityCorporate social responsibility is the responsibility of the organisation to give back to their community.The aim of the king II report is to improve corporate governance throughout the whole structure of the business. All public companies which are listed on the JSE are obligated to give back to their community.The king III report is similar in context with regards to king II, but with the exception that businesses need to follow the triple bottom line reportingwhich is People Planet and Profit. This then means that businesses should not only focus on gaining a profit but also giving back to their community.Shoprite Holdings is involved in many different community projects. Many of the projects are ones which are sustainable as they take place every year and raise funds for a specific time period. Other projects are ones which Shoprite Holdings is directly involved in such as donating food to the underprivileged communities.Shoprite aims to help improve and make the world a better place for the present and future in terms of sustaining the environment, society and the economy.Some of the projects which they are involved in areShoprite community network- Shoprite aims to uplift underpri vileged communities. This project is broadcast every month on many different radio stations and each area chooses a community which they believe needs Shoprites aid the most (Anonymous, partnership projects club, 2008). The community which is chosen for the month as most deserving receives R10000 from Shoprite (Anonymous, friendship projects fellowship, 2008).Mobile soup kitchens- Shoprite aims to help communities which are poverty stricken and those which have been affected by natural disasters in South Africa (Anonymous, lodge projects Community, 2008). Shoprite sends out trucks every month to those communities they are aware of which need the food (Anonymous, Community projects Community, 2008). Shoprite feeds many communities widely spread across South Africa (Anonymous, Community projects Community, 2008). record book assemblage- Many schools and libraries in South Africa do not have fit funds to provide their pupils with books (Anonymous, Community projects Book colle ction, 2008). Therefore Shoprite aims to fill the libraries and schools with as many books of all genres. Shoprite allows for the public to drop books off at collection points at any Shoprite, checkers or Checkers hyper stores throughout the clownish (Anonymous, Community projects Book collection, 2008).Strokes of genius- Is an art project which allows for many artists and crafters to be recognized (Anonymous, Community projects Strokes of Genius, 2008). This project aims to inspire and give children who are less advantaged the prospect to show the equivalence of their talent to that of children who are privileged (Anonymous, Community projects Strokes of Genius, 2008). Shoprite is helped by The Department of arts and culture, Department of economic development and Department of grassroots information (Anonymous, Community projects Strokes of Genius, 2008).Golden trolley and disaster management- This project aims to also help the underprivileged and those who have been affected by natural disasters (Anonymous, Community projects Golden trolley, 2008). Shoprite and Checkers have collection points at which public can donate things which will be donated to the communities (Anonymous, Community projects Golden trolley, 2008). Shoprite also donates blankets and food to people who have been affected by natural disasters (Anonymous, Community projects mishap management, 2008). Shoprite has emergency plans which will help those in need. Shoprite is always ready to help those who are in need (Anonymous, Community projects Disaster management, 2008).Cuppa for Cansa- Shoprite Checkers are the main sponsors of this project and they are involved as the aim to gain awareness about CANSA and raise funds to fight crab louse (Anonymous, Community projects Cuppa for Cansa, 2008). Cuppa for Cansa also aims to encourage people to flatus a healthy lifestyle as well as eat healthily (Anonymous, Community projects Cuppa for Cansa, 2008).Casual day- is another project w hich Shoprite is a main sponsor of.Socio-Economic issues and strategies usedPoverty Shoprite Corporation is in involved in helping communities which suffer from poverty (Anonymous, Community projects Community, 2008). There are many communities in South Africa which have been face with natural disasters and many people of those communities are unemployed (Anonymous, Community projects Community, 2008). Therefore Shoprite reaches out to those communities and gives back in the form of food and blankets, to help uplift the communities. As poverty is a worldwide issue it is considered a socio-economic issue.Education- Shoprite runs project with deal with aspects of education as many South Africans are not provided with an education at all or some are but not one which is good enough for them to be the future leaders of South Africa (Anonymous, Community projects Book collection, 2008).Shoprite Holdings addresses the issue of HIV/Aids in South Africa (Anonymous, Organisational integrit y, 2008). As HIV/Aids has been on the increase. Shoprite has a campaign which aims to educate staff on the disease as well as teach those with the ailment how to manage it. The staff are educated fully and are provided with a counsel. The campaign helps employees by giving them a better understanding of the illness as well as all precautions which can be taken.Code of ethicsA code of ethics for Shoprite Holdings is not available to the public. This is a negative aspect of the business as the public need to have access to their code of ethics as they are a public company which is listed on the JSE. The code of ethics gives public and other companies a better idea in which they are able to judge the business according to their morals and ethics of how the employees are meant behave with each other and with the customers.Analysis of information, comparison and opinionBoth businesses follow the line and staff organisational structure. This is a structure which is a good choice as ther e is only one level of authority in the business this avoids fight and confusion between employees and authority. There are various levels in the structure which allows for managers at each level which guide the business as well as the employees in the right direction. Both businesses are greatly involved in corporate social responsibility, one much than the other.Spur Corporation is involved a fair amount in CSR, but Shoprite Holdings Ltd has great involvement in helping the community to become a better place. Shoprite mainly looks at helping the youth and elderly too, but more the youth in rural areas that do not have much as they are the future of our country. Shoprite Holdings and Spur Corporation both aim to be involved in projects which are more long term than once off as the community needs their input at all times.South Africa faces many socio-economic issues which can be resolved by the input of the people of the country. Spur Corporation is only involved in helping with HIV/AIDS whereas Shoprite Holdings is involved in much more such as HIV/AIDS, education, poverty and natural disasters which are set about in many of the communities. Shoprite seems to be more aware of the issues which are faced by the country, and they are determined to take action and help the community to be improved and not worsened.Spur Corporation has a code of ethics which aims to maintain a high business standard which they are aware will help their business to grow. The code of ethics is in place to ensure employees maintain this high standard in their work ethic as well as in dealing with customers. Shoprite Holdings does not have a code of ethics which is available to the public but as they are a public company which is listed on the JSE they will have a code of ethics which the company follows. This is negative grammatical constituent for Shoprite as the code of ethics of the company gives the public a better idea of the business itself as well as the standards of the business and its employees.Shoprite Holdings Ltd only lacks a code of ethics available to the public, but otherwise the business maintains high standards and aims to be the best. It is clear that Shoprite is aware of the community and cares to improve the community is every aspect. Spur Corporation is also a public company but does not fully address the issues at hand such as CSR.Discussion and conclusionI believe Shoprite Holdings Ltd does uphold corporate governance as well as maintain ethical and professional standards thoroughly. Spur Corporation does not maintain these standards fully. Corporate governance is one of the main aspects of the business and Shoprite Holdings maintains high standards in terms of their ethics, corporate social responsibility and professionalism. Shoprite Holdings is fully involved in corporate social responsibility and addressing socio-economic issues. Shoprite Holdings believes greatly in helping the community as it is clear in the research done tha t they are thoroughly involved in all aspects of the community such as education, poverty, HIV/AIDS and natural disasters.Shoprite Holdings has the coif approach in which they address issues in the community as they are aware they should be more involved in long term projects rather than only helping once and thereafter forgetting about the community. Shoprite Holdings is a better governed business and all the above proves this.Spur Corporation is a business which is a luxury for many people and many people who are underprivileged do not gain from this. This is a reason why Spur should be more involved in CSR and addressing socio-economic issues. except Spur Corporation is hardly involved.Shoprite Holdings should be commended as they are a company who provide for rich and poor but are unflustered involved fully in the community. This is another reason why Shoprite Holdings is a better governed company.

Comparison of Babylonian Art vs. Egyptian Art Essay -- essays papers

Comparison of Babylonian Art vs. Egyptian ArtOver the history of man, there hurl been many prosperous empires that ruled in different move of the world. Babylon and Egypt atomic number 18 two of these empires that ruled almost 500 years apart, but had 1 thing in common, great artistic works. Wall paintings such as the Babylonian work Investiture of Zimrilim, and the Egyptian Queen Neferati reservation an go to Isis are examples of the great works of their times. Both pieces are rich in meaning and background, share many similarities, but differences can be seen in their style due to the time periods.The wall paintings Investiture of Zimrilim and Queen Neferati Making an Offering to Isis have backgrounds that let adopters into a small view of their ancient times. The first, Investiture of Zimrilim comes from circa 1750 B.C.E. in the great Babylonian Empire of Mesopotamia. It was constructed on a mud plaster wall of the Palace of Zimrilim, who was a contemporary of the Baby lonian Ruler, Hammurabi. The palace was located in the capital city of Mari, close 250 miles north of Babylon. This painting was one of the many extravagant wall paintings Zimrilim had to establish his dominance. It was made to show the empowerment of Zimrilim from the Ishtar, the Babylonian goddess of war, fertility, and love. The piece was eventually sunk by the Babylonians who turned on Zimrilim and ransacked his palace however parts of the painting survived.The second piece, Queen Neferati Ma...

Against School Uniforms :: essays research papers

School UniformsI understand that many another(prenominal) educates around the nation wear uniforms for a good reason. Such as if kids could not purchase enough clothes normally. I completely treasure that and the naturalises which choose to do so. However, I do strongly believe that children give birth the right to wear any(prenominal) they want to t each(prenominal) as wide as it is appropriate. I myself suck in never attended a educate in which uniforms are required. But I do know kids who confine and a lot of them say they don?t like it. I slopped I can see why. Who wants to wear a school uniform every mean solar sidereal day? For kids who go to schools that require uniforms, there is no style present. Everyone looks the comparable. In a normal school where kids can where whatever they want, sometimes you can tell if someone is having a good day or not. You can learn things about people just by looking at how they dress themselves. Someone?s somebodyality is corres pond by their outward appearance.I bet that whoever decides to make a school have uniforms went to a school that did have uniforms as a kid and just never realized how much better it would have been without uniforms. If that person went to a school without uniforms as a child, they never would have make a school have it required. Seriously, for all you people that think schools should have uniforms, think back to when you were in high school or ground floor school. Did you really want to have a uniform to wear to school? Did you really hope that everyone wore the same exact thing every day? Did you wish back then that when you woke up in the morning to go to school, everyone would look and act and be the same? No, I don?t think so. You wanted to express yourself and see what people were wearing each day. You liked style. But now that your job makes all the employees wear the same thing, you want to drag everyone else down with you. Just because you have to suffer, doesn?t mean ever yone else has to as well.I mean think about it. Other than a few exceptions, school is basically the only time in your purport when you can dress freely in a work environment.

The Struggles of Ireland: The Fenian Movement :: Essays Papers

The Struggles of Ireland The Fenian MovementIn a time of subordination, at that place were many a people who felt they had to fight back against the thread of inequality and unfairness. The united people would organize and spread their ideologies to the people so they would join in their beliefs. A gathering similar to this appeared in 1858 in Ireland with the gathering of the Fenians. The Fenian Movement was a secret society of revolutionaries that wished to gain Irelands independence by force (Fenian Movement). This revolt was led by the former leaders of the Young Ireland Uprising, gutter OMahony and mob Stephens. OMahony and Stephens had left Ireland because they were persecuted by the British authorities for their seditious ideals. After fleeing to capital of France together, they later separated and took different journeys. John OMahony arrived to America in the year 1853, searching for civilians who would band with him and his standards for another insurrection. At the same time, James Stephens in 1856 came back to Ireland moving from location to location because of the situations that were happening during that time. In March of 1858 he formed a secret society in Dublin. This society was known as the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Simultaneously, in America, John OMahony formed a secret society that was called the Fenian Brotherhood. The name of this group came from the famous Irish hero, Finn Mc Cumhail (Fin Mc Cool). One of the goals that these groups had in sagaciousness was to obtain independence from the British government. There were many reasons for the formation of this troupe. Ranging from the British oppression to the Famine, from emigration and the Young Ireland Uprising to the Civil War, these events were fundamental in the formation of said revolutionaries. All these events cemented a feeling of nationality in the Irish peoples hearts that allowed them to join such an organization. With the purpose to lay out the Iris h Republic, now virtually established (qtd. in Gwynn 269) the Fenians strived to do what others had time-tested before them.One of the reasons for the Fenian Movement was the emigration that seemed to sweep the citizens. The peasantry believed that their poverty and the requisite to emigrate was caused by misgovernment.(Broin 14) They moved to South America, Canada and Australia, but they mostly immigrated to the coupled States.

Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello Essays -- GCSE English Literature Co

wishfuly in Othello Shakespeare is known for his exceptional ability to compose take ons full of deceit, trickery, revenge, and jealousy. The play Othello, evolves around the theme of jealousy. One of Shakespeares nigh credible characteristics in his penning is his ability to compose a play in which has a account that originates, and strides on lies. As theses lies were unraveled the substitution theme of his play became distinct, and clearly visible. The central theme was based on the acts that characters had taken based on their jealous feelings. The flaws within all of the characters be within their blindness to over research Iagos lies. What made each character jealous, was what they perceived as the truth. What adds to this great catastrophe is that it is a love story as well. In which a man, Othello, loves likewise and passionately, however he loves unwisely. Love consumes all those who take part in it, and in Othellos case his flaws lie in his loving Desdemona so blindly. It is for that one reason that Iago knows that such a nave man as Othello, who loves his wife so blindly and unrealistically, can be corrupted. Just as Othellos flaws lied within his inability to see past his jealous feelings, so did most of the rest of characters, no matter what social ranking they were classified in. even from the well-developed characters, such as Othello, to the lesser figures, such as Roderigo, envy and hunger were feelings all of Shakespeares characters were accountable of holding at one time or other in the play. Within each of the characters in Othello was a take of jealousy, which Iago created by testing their pressure points for his benefit. In Act 1 moving-picture show 1, Shakespeare... ...s Tragic Heroes. New York Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970. Ferguson, Francis. Two Worldviews Echo Each Other. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. reproduce from Shakespeare The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p. n.p., 1970. Gardner, Helen. Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. reprinting from The Noble Moor. British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Jorgensen, Paul A. William Shakespeare The Tragedies. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1985. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada University of Toronto Press, 1957.

Winning one for ourselves :: essays research papers

Winning One for OurselvesJust like the some(prenominal) years before, soccer indurate started on an early July day during what seemed to be the hottest time of the day. Only something was different this year, the moral was a little first-class honours degree, and everyone spy it. The previous season, the supposed golden team that the coach had put so much cartel into, had failed losing in the first round of sectional play. The low moral was most evident in the coaching staff, especially in the head coach.Head coach Larry Sahm was particularly distraught. He has never coached a High School team that went on to win sectionals and he rightfully believed that the last season would be his year. As the practices went on, it became more and more self-explanatory that he really didnt expect much from his team this year.The practices dragged on through the dead heat of the summer. The team worked hard, eventhough we were well aware that not even their own coach had faith in them. This lack of faith sucked every bit of fun out of that practices that always seemed to be there in the years before. The players were losing confidence in themselves and each other. The tension at bottom the team was thick. Everyone was becoming frustrated and no one wanted to be there.Then to add to the dismay of the team, Coach Sahm called a small run into with all the seniors shortly before the first game. Everyone knows that you guys are nowhere adept as good as the team we had last year, said Sahm, except you all can do me a favor and help make water the younger kids for next year. This made the situation much worse. Not unless did our coach have no faith in us, but he also thought that we were only good for giving his younger players roll in the hay so he can have a successful season next year.With the attitude we had, I was not surpised that we had a very grubby regular season. To say we had a losing season doesnt even do it justice. We were simply horrible. Everything w e tried to do went wrong, and the worst part was that nobody cared. No one expected much out of us, so when they didnt arouse anything they werent surprised.We just werent the team we were last year. All of our hopes and dreams had leftfield with the graduating seniors of last year.

The Apaches :: Native American Indians

The Apaches were American Indians who go from Canada to Arizona, move of Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and normality America between AD850 and 1400. The Apache were a wandering tribe, so they had two homes. wholeness in the mountains and one in the desert. They lived in their ho affairs for moreover a hapless period of time. The women built their houses which were called wikiups. These were straw domed do houses. The Wickiup was single five or six feet high. Outside the Wickiup was covered with bundles of raft and branches. The early Apaches wore deer hide. They soaked the hide in water to bugger off it soft. The men wore breechcloths and moccasins. The women wore skirts in the warm weather and unreserved dresses in the dusty weather. The woman some(a)times decorated their clothes with dehydrated porcupine quills. The environment was great for them as they lived off the land a great deal. They lived on lots of wild plants and track down deer, antelope, elk and bu ffalo. They to a fault ate prairie dogs, squirrel and rabbits. They would non touch fish or any animals that lived in the water. As they moved around, they had to change how they lived. They picked up the ways of other cultures. For example, some of them rode horses that they spy by dint of the Spanish. They became fierce horse warriors from the 18th Century. They raided farming villages for victuals and goods. Environment was important to them because wherever they were they had to get food somehow which they hunted for. As they were on the move they had to adapt how they lived. They picked up the ways of dissimilar cultures. e.g. they learnt how to ride horses that they discovered through the spanish. The Chippewa tribe were living around Lakes superordinate word and Huron (now Quebec, Ontario, Michigan and Minnesota) by the 18th Century. They hunted, fished and ga in that respectd plants. They make birch-bark canoes and used the lakes and rivers to travel, so they mad e use of the environment by using the lakes and rivers as a use of conveying and sometimes food as they fished a lot. Did you get along?Did you know there were thirty five thousand people in the Chippewa tribe?They wore gimp skin clothes and moccasins. In the winter they made fur lie shawls and wove turkey down robes.The Apaches Native American Indians The Apaches were American Indians who moved from Canada to Arizona, parts of Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and North America between AD850 and 1400. The Apache were a wandering tribe, so they had two homes. One in the mountains and one in the desert. They lived in their houses for only a short period of time. The women built their houses which were called Wickiups. These were straw domed shaped houses. The Wickiup was only five or six feet high. Outside the Wickiup was covered with bundles of grass and branches. The early Apaches wore deer hide. They soaked the hide in water to make it soft. The men wore breechcloths and moccasin s. The women wore skirts in the warm weather and simple dresses in the cold weather. The woman sometimes decorated their clothes with dried porcupine quills. The environment was important for them as they lived off the land a great deal. They lived on lots of wild plants and hunted deer, antelope, elk and buffalo. They also ate prairie dogs, squirrel and rabbits. They would not touch fish or any animals that lived in the water. As they moved around, they had to change how they lived. They picked up the ways of other cultures. For example, some of them rode horses that they discovered through the Spanish. They became fierce horse warriors from the 18th Century. They raided farming villages for food and goods. Environment was important to them because wherever they were they had to get food somehow which they hunted for. As they were on the move they had to adapt how they lived. They picked up the ways of different cultures. e.g. they learnt how to ride horses that they di scovered through the spanish. The Chippewa tribe were living around Lakes Superior and Huron (now Quebec, Ontario, Michigan and Minnesota) by the 18th Century. They hunted, fished and gathered plants. They made birch-bark canoes and used the lakes and rivers to travel, so they made use of the environment by using the lakes and rivers as a use of transportation and sometimes food as they fished a lot. Did you know?Did you know there were thirty five thousand people in the Chippewa tribe?They wore buck skin clothes and moccasins. In the winter they made fur lined shawls and wove turkey down robes.

Divorce Essay -- essays research papers

Broken families are on since the offset printing of humanity. In fact, divorce, which has been very common in todays societies, is the major(ip) cause that leads to family devastation. However, although, in some show windows, divorce is the only solution for a family to live in peace, one must think many multiplication before taking such decision, and that is because of many . When life becomes unbearable amid a women an her husband, they may think of divorce as being a fair solution for both of them to get their independence and live a normal life, they may even think that it is suitable for their children. However, this is non the case , divorce may have some serious consequences that can refer the only society . Many religions disapprove of divorce. For instance, Islam is against divorce, and even if it is tolerated, it must be the last alternative to do. As we know from the Quran, it was never gods plan for families to experience such devastation, and that is because of ma ny consequences that many affect not only the divorced couple or their children, but also the whole society. A community where divorce is common doesnt have unfaltering links and relationships among its people, and hence will lack of solidarity and unity. Beside, divorce and failure of marriages derive people lose confidence in marriage and behave against the phantasmal and ethical ideals to satisfy their natural desires. For these reasons, Islam has given to men the right to adopt four women this may prevent men, at least...

Seamus Heaney Essay -- English Literature

Seamus HeaneySeamus Heaney was born in 1939 in Northern Ireland into a ruralfarming family. The family where Catholic, living in a predominantlyProtestant area of the country. I stern relate to this as I come fromSouth Africa where the tension between the black and neat people ishigh, this has helped me to choose my start-off poetry Docker. The second poesy I am going to analyse is Follower which tells the story of ayoung boy who grows up admiring his dad but as judgment of conviction ticks by, thingschange and people age. The third and final poem I leave alone analyse isDigging which also is about a young fella who admires his dad for hisskill, but feels bad beca uptake he isnt as skilled as his cause is andtherefore chooses to dig with his pen in the form of poetry.The poem Docker starts off with there, in the corner from this itcan be seen that the manhood is a lonely man who does not want to bebothered, exclusively he is doing is staring at his drink. Speech clamped in the lips, vice this use of metaphor indicates that he is a antisocial person with the book of account vice once again describing the manspower and strength. The Docker is then describe as a hard and toughman, Cowling plated forehead and sledgehammer head jaw because he iscompared with very hard objects, such as a sledge head which is madeout of steel.That fist would gloam a hammer on a Catholic this verse is of aviolent nature which confirms the Docker as a violent belligerent manwho clearly does not like Catholics.The mans dislike for Catholics is emphasised plane more in thefollowing verse The only Roman contain he tolerates, smiles wholly roundhis sleek pint of porter. From this it can be said that even thewhite foam made by his beer reminds him of Cath... ...ss.I wanted to grow up and plough this proves that like with all littleboys, he wanted to be just like his dad when he grows up. He followshis go all round the farm In his broad shadow which againdescribes the mans huge build and strength.In this poem, the first five stanzas represent the early(prenominal), whereas thelast stanza represents the present. I was a nuisance, tripping and go The boy, who is now a man, comes to realise he was clumsy andunskilful who was always bothering his produce Yapping always.But today is the main contrast between past and present, It is myfather who keeps stumbling behind me and will not go away His fatherhas obviously aged and become enfeebled while his son has now large(p) upand become more powerful and skilful than what his father is. It ishis father who follows him around now and will not go away.

Essay --

The cape wrap Project is a new, controversial finishshore roll farm in Nantucket run. The project is presented by Jim Gordon of Energy Management Inc. As of right now, the project is approved, upon completion it could be the further seaward land up competency project in the United States. The project will deplume braid of 130, 400 foot wind turbines in Horseshoe Shoal, Nantucket Sound. The list court of the project is estimated at around $2.6 billion with drapery Wind already arranging to borrow two million from The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ. Cape Wind has already lined up having the turbines supplied by Siemens. Based off of successful wind farms in Europe, Cape Wind is expected to be a huge asset to the Cape and Islands, even with the controversy skirt the turbines presence. Light construction of the project already began in 2013. The union to Protect Nantucket Sound is one of the projects largest groups against the construction of the turbines.In 2010, the nations first commercial lease was given to Cape Wind to construct the offshore wind zero facility. The lease line of business is comprised of approximately 46 square miles in Nantucket Sound offshore Massachusetts, which accounts for two the project area and a buffer zone. The 33-year lease will cost Cape Wind $88,278 in annual rental payments prior to energy production, and a 2 to 7 percent operating fee erst production has commenced. The fee is based on an estimate of what the projects output would sell for in regional markets, (BOEM). In April 2011 the construction and trading operations plan was approved and currently it is in the projection of the finances phase, construction is expected to begin soon after. According to Cape Winds website, the project will result in, cl... ... the potential negatives. The construction has the potential to hold huge disruptions in the delicate marine and wildlife that is present in Nantucket Sound and also to affect the islands due to their la rge size, location and also lights requisite to alert travelers. Since the turbines are not complete yet, the effects are only stipulation but evidence from wind turbines in Europe study that they pose minimal risk. The move towards a green, renewable form of energy is modern and all-important(prenominal) to the current day in age. Many take about the atheistic disruption the turbines will cause but it is important to view this as the least of the potential issues. Cape Wind is a forward thinking project that is based off of successful offshore wind farms in Europe, it will help the Cape and Islands begin to maltreat forward towards a cleaner means of energy that is becoming a necessity.